Regulars Doing The Rounds

Things are going a bit slow on the Western slope of Tygerberg and I've been busy with other things, the result of which is fewer blog posts...

I think it might have been a while since I last posted images of two of the regulars that almost always pop up here in Cape Town.

Porcupine (Ystervark - Hystrix africaeaustralis) heading going down hill

Small Grey Mongoose (Kleingrysmuishond - Galerella pulverulenta) sneaking along

I couple of weeks ago I stumbled into this grasshopper.

Koppie Foam Grasshopper (Rooibaadjie - Dictyophorus spumans) chillin' on a twig

This grasshopper species is known to extract and store heart poisons (cardiac glycosides) from the milkweeds it eats. It can produce a yellow foam containing the poison when disturbed.

Large Mongoose Brightens Up Day

I went to check on the cameras shortly after I placed them to make sure that the SD cards weren't filling up to fast. I was a bit grumpy when I found the one camera with its SD card filled, again...

When I got home I checked the 2 GB card. It was filled in just under 4 hours (again), even after my latest batch of vegetation clearing.

I always go through all my photographs/videos when I get home. It can be a long and fruitless process, but you never know. Last time there was absolutely nothing photographed, but this time I was lucky. In fact I was very lucky, I got a few great photographs of a Large Grey Mongoose.

Large Grey Mongoose (Grootgrysmuishond - Herpestes ichneumon) looking freakishly large in this photograph

The camera also managed to capture images of 3 bird species. I didn't know that I photographed a mongoose while I was busy checking the camera (Bushnell Trophy Cam without the viewer).

I was feeling hot, sweaty and somewhat frustrated, so I decided to switch the camera to only turn on at 5:00 pm and then turn itself off at 9:00 am. I'm hoping it will minimize most of the photographs of vegetation blowing in the wind. The downside is that I severely cripple my chances of photographing daytime species such as the mongoose above.

Tricky Bits At Tygerberg

Camera trapping can be tricky during the best of times, but there are a few things that I really struggle with: dense vegetation and strong wind.

The western slope of Tygerberg Nature Reserve

More than half of Tygerberg is covered by very dens growing shrubs. Below is a map of Tygerberg that shows where I have camera trapped thus far (including a few general observations, mostly tortoises).

Map of Tygerberg and my camera trap spots

As you can see I'm clearly more active on the eastern slope. It's also worth mentioning that the main entrance to the reserve is on the eastern side as well.

I've been wanting to trap more on the western slope, but it can be a tough walk to get to the cameras and back. But mostly I find it very tricky to find a good spot in the dense vegetation.

An "average sample" of the western slope

One of the things I'm curious about is what animals actually move about in this sort of habitat? It is very difficult for me to move from point A to B without a path. Luckily if you look hard enough, every now and again, you might stumble across something that looks more promising for camera trapping: a small or faint trail.

Hidden amongst the shrubs there is a small path (this is one of the clearest I've found yet)

I'm trying to trap in areas that I have been avoiding up to now. I've been avoiding them because they look less promising and trickier to setup the cameras in. The path above looked good, so I placed a camera there after opening it up a bit more by cutting back a few twigs and clearing out the dead branches.

My next source of 700+ photos of moving vegetation in, I predict, 3.5 hours (sans-animal I'm sure)

Another problem is that I have only 3 camera. Two Bushnell Trophy Cams and one Cuddeback Capture. Both cameras models are great under the correct conditions that suit them best, but on the western slope both models have some limitations.

The Bushnells' detection zone is very wide. This week one of my cameras filled the SD card in the first 4 hours after I placed it thanks to the wind and the vegetation on the sides of the path, even after I thought I cleared everything that might lead to a large number of a false triggers. The worst part is that I only checked it a week later, so it was 6+ days lost. (The result of which is this blog post and you, poor readers, now have to suffer the consequences of my reckless, amateurish and irresponsible actions.)

The Cuddeback has the opposite problem. It has a very narrow detection zone and works best when positioned to look across the trail. Under the circumstances on the western slope it is difficult to find a good trail where the camera can be placed sufficiently far back to take decent pictures and still point across the trail. The Cuddeback has severe problems when monitoring an "area" such as a small pool. Even when 2 trails meet can get very tricky to place the camera for optimal coverage.

But, there is some good news also. I believe that it is thanks to these challenges and complications that most camera trappers do what they do and enjoy the good times so much more :)

Return Of The Genet

It's been a while since I captured a Large-Spotted Genet at Tygerberg.

Large-Spotted Genet (Grootkolmuskeljaatkat - Genetta tigrina) checking out the camera

This is probably one of the best Large-Spotted Genet photographs I've taken to date.

I moved the Cuddeback away from the pool because of its narrow detection zone and placed it in a new area I haven't been before.

Sparrowhawks At The Puddle

A while ago I wrote about placing my Cuddeback Capture trail camera at a beautiful puddle I discovered forming in a stream at Tygerberg. The camera only captured one photograph of a Black Sparrowhawk and Helmeted Guineafowl each. I decided to try a Bushnell Trophy Cam at the same location because of its wider detection zone.

The good news was that I got a lot more photos. The bad news is that no other species made an appearance.

A juvenile Black Sparrowhawk (Swartsperwer - Accipiter melanoleucus) getting his feet wet

Thanks to the wider detection zone of the Bushnell, it was able to capture visits to the puddle even when the bird remained off-center.

There are two colour forms for the adult birds - this is the light form



This is the dark form (no white on the breast)

 Black Sparrowhawks mainly prey on other birds and won't find any food to their liking in the puddle.


Taking a dip

After seeing these images of the birds close to or in the water I wanted to find out exactly what they were doing here. So, I decided to switch the camera to video mode.

Video: Youngster eating something in front of the camera

Video: Washing up afterwards

As it turns out they use the puddle to bath and drink from.

 Video: Having a drink

The only other visitors were a couple of Helmeted Guineafowl that came by for a drink.

Video: Officer drinking on the job - he seems to be a bit tipsy already...

More Shrew Action

I added a bunch of Reddish-Grey Musk Shrew (Rooigrysmuskusskeerbek - Crocidura cyanea) videos together to form a longer video clip.

Video: Shrew on the prowl

I'll probably move the camera to a new location soon. I was hoping for some good daytime action in front of the camera, but although the shrew passes by the camera during the day it seems a lot more confident during the night and hang around longer after dark.

Keeping Company With A Shrew

Two rodent species shared the runway with the shrew. The Four-Striped Grass Mouse (Streepmuis - Rhabdomys pumilio) showed itself only during the day.

Video: An adult Four-Striped Grass Mouse made a short visit

The adult mouse made an appearance twice, but a baby mouse also showed up on two separate occasions.

Video: The baby mouse is much smaller when compared to the adult in the above video

Mouse numbers seem to have dropped after much of the grassy slopes were burnt at the end of summer. The new grass that sprouted during the wet winter months are now bearing seed and I'm starting to notice more mice again, especially youngsters like this one.

Video: Youngster hopping along

Not surprisingly the other, and most frequent, user of the runway is our old friend the Vlei Rat. The Vlei Rat seems to be, for the most part, the creator and maintainer of this runway.

Video: Mr Vlei Rat gracing us with his presence

There are a bunch of different Vlei Rat species that look all very similar, but I'm reasonably sure this is the classic Vlei Rat (Vleirot - Otomys irroratus).

Video: It is tricky to place the camera so close to the trail and still get the camera's sensor to trigger in the desired area - the distance between the lens and the sensor becomes a factor...

The interesting thing about the Vlei Rat is that, like the shrew, it is active both during the day and at night.

Video: He is clearly awake and not merely sleep walking

Those of you wondering just what exactly a "vlei" is can check out these links over here and over here. I don't think the word is as common as another Afrikaans word "veld" that is found more frequently in English (over here and over here).

While I'm at it I might even explain where the "berg" part of Tygerberg comes from over here (it means "mountain, etc.").

The Tyger part is a bit older and more confusing. Some of the early settlers sometimes referred to Leopards as Tygers/Tijger (or similar), which implies a tiger. Some where familiar with the true tiger and the word must have spred around and stuck. In modern Afrikaans a tiger is a Tier and the word Tyger is not used anymore. However many rural and older people still refer to a Leopard as a Tier (tiger) even though they know better. Since there are no real wild/native tigers in South Africa it doesn't result in any real misunderstandings or confusion. Further more, historically, a Tyger also reffered to a mythical creature and this might have been another factor in the confusing use of tyger/tijger/luiperd/etc. in historical times.

You can also check out my old blog post for some more info on how Tygerberg might have gotten its name as "Leopard-Mountain", though I have no doubt there were also plenty of Leopard on the hills in the old days, and not the tortoise variaty...

Seeking The Shrew

I made a quick stop at Tygerberg to switch the SD card on the Bushnell. I was hoping for Shrews. I was very happy when I got home and checked the memory card.

I don't know what it is about these tiny mammals, but I really enjoy them and find them fascinating. I've been on the lookout for a good shrew spot for some time and tried one or two spots with no luck, but when I saw this location I knew I struck gold.

My Bushnell trail camera on the job

I got my angle slightly wrong, but I'll adjust that soon and move the camera back slightly. Still, I'm very pleased with the results.

 Video: Darting past the camera during the day

The shrew in question is the Reddish-Grey Musk Shrew (Rooigrysmuskusskeerbek - Crocidura cyanea).

Video: The shrew gave the camera only a short glimpse

This is not the first time I've photographed a Reddish-Grey Musk Shrew. I photographed one a couple of months ago at Kistenbosch.

Video: This time around a slows down a bit

Some people might confuse a shrew with a rodent, but they are in fact very different and belong to the Soricomorpha order.

Video: Finally some great action in front of the camera

The shrew shared the runway with a couple of rodents. I'll share some of their videos soon.

Video: The last video clip of the shrew before the memory card filled up

Playing With The Cool Kids

Here in South Africa the cool thing to do with a camera trap is to photograph Leopards. Not only do their dazzling spots get the heart racing of many a nature lover, but it can also be used to identify individuals. This is a useful feature to get an estimate of Leopard density and population size in a study area.

The result is that because of the Leopard's fancy clothes, bad attitude and social status all the cool kids want to play with them (being the coolest cat om the block). This means that camera trapping over here is often skewed towards Leopards (and other medium to large mammals, especially of the predator variety, that happen to live in the same neighbourhood).

You might have noticed that I haven't posted any Leopard photographs on this blog. That is mostly due to the fact that there aren't any at Tygerberg and I haven't ever trapped one at any other location. Lastly, I never wanted to play with the cool kids at school, much preferring the company of the lesser mortals, so I might be subconsciously avoiding them on purpose...

Camera trapping (and this blog) is a hobby and not part of some research project, etc. It allows me the freedom to pursue my own interests.

Still, every now and again even the best of us stroll off the straight and narrow... What am I on about? Well, last week the Cuddeback (the camera trap of choice for Leopard research) photographed several Leopard Tortoises (Bergskilpad - Stigmochelys pardalis) at Tygerberg. So, I though I'll play the Leopard Research Project game. I will take this opportunity to explain how the cool kids do it... (Not being a cool kid myself, I might be a bit off target with regard to the finer details.)
 

Research tool of choice: The Cuddeback Capture

Firstly, you preferably need to get a clear photograph of your subject, from both sides. In order to do this the cool kids use two cameras, but because I don't have rich parents I only use one and hope for the best. Last week I was lucky and all the Leopard (Tortoises) walked past the camera in the same direction, freaky...


First up was Tortoise A

Why is the Cuddeback the camera of choice? Well, I think it is because it has a small detection zone and thus only trigger when the animal is in the middle of the frame. The Cuddeback also has a fast trigger speed which means that you can place it at about 90 degrees to the trail and it will be fast enough to snap the photo as the animal walks past the camera. This results in more photographs where the subject is in the centre of the frame and thus makes identification easier.


Tortoise B came by 30 minutes later

The thing about Leopard (Tortoises) are that they have unique spots. It is quite easy to compare the photographs and conclude that of the 7 photographs taken there were 4 Leopard (Tortoises) in a 3 day period that walked past the camera. This is usually done by identifying a few spots in a particular area that form an unique and easily identifiable pattern.


About 50 minutes later Tortoise B came by again

The most curious thing, for me, is that they all passed the camera in the same direction in a relatively short period of time. One individuals even passed by three times, each time going in the same direction.


Shortly afterwards a new guy appeared on the scene: Tortoise C

As with Leopards one can sometimes take a guess at the gender of the animal by the body shape. In this case males have a longer tail than females and a concavity underneath on their stomachs. I'm no expert with tortoises, so I'll rather not venture a guess...


The next day Tortoise A showed up again

These guys warm up well in the sun and move about easily on a nice sunny day. All the photographs were taken in the afternoon and evidently they warm up enough to trigger the heat sensor of the camera. On the last two days the tortoises seem to be more to the left of the image than on the first day, I'm thinking they might have been warmer on those days and moved about faster.


Tortoise A showed up on the last day again

I moved the camera on 5 November. The last Leopard (Tortoises) was photographed on 1 November. Afterwards I only photographed two suspicious looking people passing down the road... I'm glad I didn't loose the camera.

Tortoise D wrapping things up

After my time spent with the cool kids I'm looking forward to (hopefully) spend some time with a few shrews next week.

Puddle Of Dreams

Sometimes I find a location for a camera trap that really gets me excited, but then fails to deliver...


The puddle... (I don't know what the proper word/name for this sort of thing is)

I stumbled upon this little natural puddle. It forms in one of the small streams that runs down the hill towards the dam near the main entrance at Tygerberg. I think it makes a very pretty backdrop. I have camera trapped Water Mongoose and Cape Clawless Otter higher up on this stream. I even found some freshwater crabs living in the puddle.


This crab was walking along the bottom of the puddle


My hopes where running high. I decided to leave the Cuddeback behind to monitor the puddle. I knew that the Cuddeback wasn't the perfect camera for this sort of location. It has a very narrow detection zone, but compensates for it by having a fast trigger time. It works best when pointed across a trail. The factor that made me choose the Cuddeback was its natural/white flash. With the Moultrie out of action I only have one white flash camera. I was hoping for some awesome nighttime photos of otters, etc.

You might have noticed by now that none of my hopes or dreams materialized. But it was not a total loss. At least I got some photographs. Two birds a Helmeted Guineafowl and a Black Sparrowhawk (new).


Black Sparrowhawk (Swartsperwer - Accipiter melanoleucus) visiting the puddle


Yet, despite the bad luck with the Cuddeback a very observant reader might have noticed that the first photograph shows a Bushnell Trophy Cam pointing towards the puddle. Well, I'm just not ready to give up on the spot yet. I'm hoping the Bushnell's wider detection zone will stand a better chance recording the action that might, or might not, be happening at the puddle. Beggars can't be choosers and IR images will have to do :)

On a slightly different note: A few posts ago I mentioned having never seen a baby Leopard Tortoise at Tygerberg. Well, I stand corrected. This little fellow rocketed off into the roadside cover when I started pointing a huge lens in its face. I prefer not to interfere to much with the animals for the sake of a simple photograph and I almost never pickup tortoises. The result is that on a warm day these guys move quite fast and I only got a few shots at it before it was gone.


A baby Leopard Tortoise (Bergskilpad - Stigmochelys pardalis) at Tygerberg Nature Reserve in Cape Town

 

Bulldozing his way to peace and quiet

Tunnel Travelers

It can be tricky to find a good location for a camera. Although I'm not much of an expert and most of what I know is self taught, I'll try and talk a bit about how I go about picking camera trap locations.

The most common area used to place a camera trap is a trail (natural or artificial). Trails can be anything from a gravel road used by vehicles, to a faint path going through the vegetation warn out by the repeated passing of animal feet. The thing to remember is that, in general, if the trail makes it easier for you to get around, then it will make it easier for the animals as well. Animals will tend to follow either the least difficult path or the most rewarding one to get from point A to B.

Caracal (Rooikat - Caracal caracal) using a tunnel to pass underneath a road that intersects the Tygerberg nature reserve

Another thing to look out for is evidence of recent animal activity on the path (such as scat, remains of a kill, tracks and disturbed vegetation). For the above photograph I found plenty of animal tracks in the dry mud inside the tunnel and also a lot of other signs of frequent traffic along the rest of the path.


A Leopard Tortoise (Bergskilpad - Stigmochelys pardalis) also uses the tunnel to get around

You can increase your odds of trapping an animal along these trails by looking for natural funnels and forks in the road. The tunnel is a perfect location because it forces the animals to pass through the small bottleneck to enable them to cross the road and enter the linked section of the reserve.

The Caracal didn't even seem to notice the camera thanks to the infrared flash

I had another camera about 200m down the trail and 1 hour and 43 minutes later the same Caracal walked past the second camera. The second camera was placed in an area where the trail runs close to the fence. The leave litter clearly indicate a well worn out path (mainly thanks to the vigilance of the Helmeted Guineafowls).


Helmeted Guineafowl (Tarentaal - Numida meleagris) eyeing the camera

Trails are by no means the only good places to find concentrated wildlife activity. There are many other "places of interest" that attract animals.

A Ninja Mongoose

I recently photographed two Small Grey Mongooses at Tygerberg. This is the first time that I've captured more than one of them in the same photo.

Is the one Small Grey Mongoose (Kleingrysmuishond - Galerella pulverulenta) trying to sneak up on the other mongoose or the camera?

I don't know much about the inner workings of the mind of a mongoose, but is the mongoose to the left trying to hide behind a single blade of grass?

From The Flats

Two weeks ago an opportunity came my way to do some camera trapping at the Cape Flats Nature Reserve at the UWC (University of the Western Cape). It is a (very) small reserve about 6 km from my house, in the opposite direction as Tygerberg.


Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Kaapse Dwerg-verkleurmannetjie - Bradypodion pumilum) barely managing to stick around on the slippery bamboo

 All of my cameras are currently occupied at Tygerberg so I decided to bring my Moultrie out of retirement. I bought some fresh batteries and set it up. Unfortunately nothing was photographed the first week. I moved the camera to a new spot, but the batteries where already starting to run low. On day two at the new location I got a Cape Francolin passing by.


Some Cape Francolins (Kaapse Fisant - Pternistes capensis) were the only visitors at the camera before the batteries 'were no longer with us'

 On day three the camera 'left us'. I'm very disappointed with the battery life of the Moultrie these days. This time round it didn't even last 10 days!! In short the Moultrie is back into full time retirement. The only reason it is not in the dumpster right now is because I have a sentimental attachment to it (it was my first trail camera). I'm thinking instead of turning it into a display piece on the wall, a door stop or something along those lines...


A student gives this fellow a helping help back to the bush it came from

 I was fortunate enough to see this Cape Dwarf Chameleon two weeks ago when I went to set up the camera. These little guys are incredibly charming and very pretty. It was my first time seeing one in the wild.

I'm thinking of temporarily moving a Bushnell down to the flats to shoot some Grysbok and Small Grey Mongoose action...

1 Year 1 Day To The Day

It has been exactly one year and a day since I took the first step and posted my first entry on this blog.


I felt I had to add some colour to this post...


This isn't a big/popular blog, but I never thought it would grow so fast. I'm not doing this blog for the number of visitors/subscribers. I would probably still do it even if I only had one or two readers (like a year ago when I started). Still, it is great knowing that there are people out there that also enjoy the results from my camera trapping escapades and I enjoy sharing it with you.

I would like to thank all the readers, form the new comers to the few that followed the blog from early on.
Also a spacial thanks to all the people that comment regularly on the blog - none of whom I've met in real live (sadly).

Last Collection From The Quarry

I've moved all my camera traps from the quarry. In the end I only photographed Dassies and a Small Grey Mongoose at the quarry. I was hoping for signs of other mammals, but I couldn't find anything to convince me to leave the cameras another week. It has been over a month since I started camera trapping at Tygerberg's quarry and I never expected much more than the Dassies in the first place.

So, to wrap things up, here are some more Dassie photographs and a few birds.


Dassie/Rock Hyrax (Klipdassie - Procavia capensis) fattening up some more


I'm sure a Caracal will drop by every now and again, but I've got bigger/smaller fish to fry and don't feel like waiting around for a Caracal to come pussyfooting around.


Dassies going about doing Dassie things


Some, rather common, feathered friends also visited. There are a few Egyptian Geese living in the quarry and I'm surprised I didn't get any photographs of them. They hang around close to where the cameras were set out and always shout at me.


Hadeda Ibis (Hadeda - Bostrychia hagedash) coming for a closer look



The local Helmeted Guineafowl (Tarentaal - Numida meleagris) making sure everything is in order (the Dassies might have lodged a complaint)



The local pair of Red-winged Starlings (Rooivlerkspreeu - Onychognathus morio)

"Anonymous" commented on a recently post that there used to be a pair of Peregrine Falcons in the quarry long ago. Well, I think everybody will be happy to know that there are still falcons breeding there.

I was peacefully standing around inspecting the boulders for camera trap locations when suddenly I got dive-bombed out of nowhere by one of the falcons. As it turned out I was to close to the nest, so I moved away. The falcon then landed in a tree on the opposite side of the quarry.


Peregrine Falcon (Swerfvalk - Falco peregrine Falcon)  not happy with me hanging around to close so the nest


Sorry for the bad photograph. I couldn't even see it with the naked eye, but I had some idea of where it landed and took a blind shot at it.

Tortoise Time

When I went to check on the Cuddeback two weeks ago I wasn't expecting much (I knew the batteries would be flat). The bad news was that the camera died even sooner than I expected. I only got three images from it. The best (and last) photograph was of this Porcupine.


Porcupine (Ystervark - Hystrix africaeaustralis) walking through the grass

When I place my cameras I prefer not to alter the terrain to much. I usually just try and shorten/remove the taller grass and twigs that might obscure the view, but usually I miss a few...

With spring (somewhat) in the air the plants where growing vigorously. When I eventually got a chance to collect the camera I found it somewhat overgrown...


There was only short grass a month ago

I moved the camera from this location, but I picked a terrible new location. While walking back to the car I thought of moving the camera, but I didn't have the time or energy left to go move it again. So this week when I checked it there were, as I expected, no images and I moved it to a new spot.

All in all things where a bit hectic around here the last month or so, but hopefully things will settle back to normal soon and I'll get some more camera trap pictures to share with everybody.


Leopard Tortoise (Bergskilpad - Stigmochelys pardalis) eating some grass next to my camera trap

Last week while on my way to the quarry I found another traveler on the path. The weather is warming up and the tortoises are full of energy. This one didn't pay much attention to me and gorged itself on the grass.

The Leopard Tortoise is in fact not native to this part of South Africa (they occur a bit more north and east), but a few individuals where released here at Tygerberg Nature Reserve years ago. The strange thing is that I have only noticed large individuals, so maybe if they do breed here the young don't survive well - or maybe I just don't see them as easily as the big ones.

This week I ran into another tortoise species, an Angulate Tortoise, not far from where the above Leopard Tortoise was found. The Angulate Tortoise is common in the Fynbos biome and occur here naturally.


The Angulate Tortoise (Rooipens Skilpad - Chersina angulata) was nicely warmed up and moved about surprisingly fast

These tortoises are smaller than the Leopard Tortoise. Interestingly they only lay one egg at a time, up to 6 times per year. Sexual maturity is reached at 9-12 years of age and they can live up to 32 years in captivity.

The characteristic shell markings can be seen on this photograph

References:
Bill Branch (2008). Tortoises Terrapins & Turtles of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. 36-38,66-69.

Mongoose On The Rocks

So who was the other rock hopper? It was a Small Grey Mongoose.

Small Grey Mongoose (Kleingrysmuishond - Galerella pulverulenta)

The mongoose passed by the camera a few times, but these guys move fast and most of the pictures were blurred, or slightly out of frame. They have a tendency to pause for a moment to look around and then quickly move along again. The sharper images are usually when the mongoose happens to be pausing in front of the camera. I encounter them sometimes along a path and then they tend to run along the path in front of me, pausing every now and again to look over their shoulder or scout the surrounding area. After a while they'll dash into the cover next to the path and disappear.

The Small Grey Mongoose's legs are darker than the rest of the body

The mongoose must be catching something in the quarry, and I'm sure it isn't Dassies. Dassies are to big. I'll have to investigate a bit more to unravel the mystery and hopefully manage to photograph it.

The mongoose always moved from right to left, going down, past the camera - it must use a different route going up